Purine content of foods: the measured reference
Prepared 2026-10-29 · Read as Markdown
Use this table to compare measured purine content—not to predict your next flare. It contains all 501 food records and 15 beverage records from the project’s extract of the USDA and ODS-NIH Purine Content of Foods database, Release 3, September 2026. Similar food names are retained as separate records when the source does so. [S26] [S27] [S28]
Find a measured food
Use the exact description and preparation. These are composition measurements, not safe/unsafe ratings.
| Food and preparation | Total purines | Samples | Source | Portion |
|---|
A portion estimate is arithmetic, not a recommended serving or daily allowance. ND means not detected, not established zero.
Before you compare
- Match the food and preparation. Raw, cooked, dried, and rehydrated foods are not interchangeable.
- Check the denominator. Foods use mg total purines per 100 g; beverages use mg per 100 mL.
- Keep portion size in mind. A 100-gram reference is not a recommended serving.
- Read ND correctly. It means not detected, not established zero. Dashes in source component or uncertainty fields mean unavailable.
- Look at the source. Many entries use limited samples or older measurements from different countries. The sample count is shown as n. S27 S28
Display values are rounded to one decimal; downloadable CSV and JSON retain source precision. Preparation symbols in food names are retained from the workbook; consult its notes and the data guide for their definitions. Do not silently average similar entries. S27 S28
A portion example
A matching food measured at 120 mg per 100 g would contain about 90 mg in a 75 g portion: 120 × 75 ÷ 100. That is arithmetic, rather than a suggested serving or daily allowance. Do not apply this gram calculation directly to a beverage value per 100 mL. S27
What the table leaves out
Composition alone does not predict a flare. Plant and animal foods differ in their observed associations; alcohol and sugar can matter even when purines are low. Use the reference alongside balanced nutrition and your care plan. It does not replace indicated urate-lowering treatment. S02 S15 S30
Complete food table
All 501 source food records are included below in workbook order. Numbers are mg total purines per 100 g of the named food state. Display is rounded to one decimal; CSV/JSON retain original source precision. ND is not detected. Similar names in different source tables are not duplicate errors or values to average. Country identifies the analytical/publication origin and does not necessarily establish where the sample was grown or produced. S27 S28
Full food CSV · Food JSON · Original workbook · Data guide
| Food description (retain named preparation) | Total purines (mg/100 g) | n | Source country/region | Source table and row |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beef brain, raw | 162.0 | 1 | USA | Table1-r7 |
| Beef heart, raw | 171.0 | 1 | USA | Table1-r8 |
| Beef kidney, cooked | 230.8 | 1 | Canada | Table1-r9 |
| Beef kidney, raw | 213.0 | 1 | USA | Table1-r10 |
| Beef liver, raw | 197.0 | 1 | USA | Table1-r11 |
| Beef, liver, raw | 139.2 | 3 | USA | Table1-r12 |
| Beef, liver, cooked⧗ | 211.3 | 3 | USA | Table1-r13 |
| Beef chuck roast, boneless, choice, raw | 156.6 | 6 | USA | Table1-r15 |
| Beef flank steak, boneless, choice, raw | 98.6 | 6 | USA | Table1-r16 |
| Beef, ground, 73% lean meat / 27% fat, raw | 133.3 | 6 | USA | Table1-r17 |
| Beef, ground, 73% lean meat / 27% fat, cooked⧗ | 233.3 | 6 | USA | Table1-r18 |
| Beef, ground, 80% lean meat / 20% fat, raw | 160.9 | 6 | USA | Table1-r19 |
| Beef, ground, 93% lean meat / 7% fat, raw | 188.9 | 8 | USA | Table1-r20 |
| Beef, ground, 93% lean meat / 7% fat, cooked⧗ | 251.9 | 8 | USA | Table1-r21 |
| Beef, ground, cooked (unspecified) | 89.9 | 1 | Canada | Table1-r22 |
| Beef ribeye, steak, boneless, choice, raw | 173.9 | 6 | USA | Table1-r23 |
| Beef roast, cooked (unspecified) | 124.8 | 1 | Canada | Table1-r24 |
| Beef shoulder roast, choice, boneless, raw | 163.9 | 6 | USA | Table1-r25 |
| Beef shoulder roast, choice, boneless, cooked⧗ | 193.4 | 6 | USA | Table1-r26 |
| Beef, sirloin, raw | 124.8 | 1 | Canada | Table1-r27 |
| Bread, crusty (baguette) | 15.7 | 1 | Canada | Table1-r29 |
| Bread, white | 12.2 | 1 | Canada | Table1-r30 |
| Corn cereal | 1.0 | 1 | Canada | Table1-r31 |
| Oats, plain, whole grain, uncookedᛒ | 57.1 | 3 | USA | Table1-r32 |
| Rice, white, cooked | 5.9 | 1 | Canada | Table1-r33 |
| Whole-grain wheat flour | 11.5 | 1 | Canada | Table1-r34 |
| Cheese, American | 7.0 | 8 | USA | Table1-r36 |
| Cheese, cottage | 8.0 | 1 | Canada | Table1-r37 |
| Cheese, Monterey Jack | 9.1 | 8 | USA | Table1-r38 |
| Cheese, Provolone | 12.6 | 8 | USA | Table1-r39 |
| Cheese, processed (unspecified) | 2.0 | 1 | Canada | Table1-r40 |
| Cheese, queso cotija | 8.6 | 7 | USA | Table1-r41 |
| Cheese, queso fresco | 0.7 | 8 | USA | Table1-r42 |
| Cheese, queso Oaxaca | 7.9 | 8 | USA | Table1-r43 |
| Egg, white, boiled | 0.7 | 4 | USA | Table1-r44 |
| Egg, yolk, boiled | 0.5 | 4 | USA | Table1-r45 |
| Milk, 2% fat | 0.6 | 6 | USA | Table1-r46 |
| Yogurt, regular, nonfat, plain | 8.3 | 8 | USA | Table1-r47 |
| Yogurt, plain | 7.0 | 1 | Canada | Table1-r48 |
| Anchovy, canned | 321.0 | 1 | USA | Table1-r50 |
| Anchovy, raw | 411.0 | 1 | USA | Table1-r51 |
| Catfish, farmed, raw§ | 173.2 | 10 | USA | Table1-r52 |
| Catfish, farmed, cooked⧗,§ | 124.2 | 3 | USA | Table1-r53 |
| Clams, canned | 62.0 | 1 | USA | Table1-r54 |
| Clams, raw | 136.0 | 1 | USA | Table1-r55 |
| Cod, mixed species, wild, raw§ | 109.6 | 11 | USA | Table1-r56 |
| Cod, mixed species, wild, cooked⧗,§ | 141.0 | 3 | USA | Table1-r57 |
| Crab, blue, lump, pasteurized | 147.7 | 8 | USA | Table1-r58 |
| Crab, blue, prepared | 113.7 | 3 | USA | Table1-r59 |
| Herring, canned | 378.0 | 1 | USA | Table1-r60 |
| Lobster, cooked, steamed | 90.8 | 3 | USA | Table1-r61 |
| Lobster, tail only, frozen, wild caught | 84.7 | 6 | USA | Table1-r62 |
| Mackerel, canned | 246.0 | 1 | USA | Table1-r63 |
| Mackerel, raw (unspecified) | 194.0 | 1 | USA | Table1-r64 |
| Oysters, canned | 107.0 | 1 | USA | Table1-r65 |
| Oysters, cooked, steamed | 162.9 | 3 | USA | Table1-r66 |
| Salmon, Atlantic, farmed, raw§ | 229.3 | 11 | USA | Table1-r67 |
| Salmon, Atlantic, farmed, cooked⧗,§ | 172.4 | 3 | USA | Table1-r68 |
| Salmon, Atlantic, farmed, skin only, raw | 403.9 | 3 | USA | Table1-r69 |
| Salmon, Atlantic, farmed, skin only, cooked⧗ | 335.4 | 3 | USA | Table1-r70 |
| Salmon, canned | 88.0 | 1 | USA | Table1-r71 |
| Salmon, mixed species, raw | 250.0 | 1 | USA | Table1-r72 |
| Salmon, sockeye, wild, raw | 259.8 | 8 | USA | Table1-r73 |
| Sardine, canned | 399.0 | 1 | USA | Table1-r74 |
| Sardine, raw | 345.0 | 1 | USA | Table1-r75 |
| Scallops, bay, Patagonian, wild, frozen | 101.6 | 6 | USA | Table1-r76 |
| Scallops, sea, wild, frozen | 89.6 | 6 | USA | Table1-r77 |
| Shrimp, mixed species, farmed, rawƗ | 157.1 | 10 | USA | Table1-r78 |
| Shrimp, mixed species, farmed, cooked⧗,Ɨ | 85.1 | 3 | USA | Table1-r79 |
| Shrimp, raw, frozen (no further unspecified) | 234.0 | 1 | USA | Table1-r80 |
| Snow crab, legs only, frozen | 79.6 | 6 | USA | Table1-r81 |
| Squid (calamari), frozen, tubes only | 33.9 | 6 | USA | Table1-r82 |
| Squid, raw (unspecified) | 135.0 | 1 | USA | Table1-r83 |
| Tilapia, farmed, raw | 185.8 | 7 | USA | Table1-r84 |
| Tilapia, farmed, frozen§ | 121.6 | 3 | USA | Table1-r85 |
| Tilapia, farmed, frozen, cooked⧗,§ | 176.1 | 3 | USA | Table1-r86 |
| Tuna, canned | 142.0 | 1 | USA | Table1-r87 |
| Tuna, canned, drained solids | 211.8 | 6 | USA | Table1-r88 |
| Tuna, yellowfin, wild, raw§ | 188.6 | 3 | USA | Table1-r89 |
| Tuna, yellowfin, wild, cooked⧗,§ | 242.5 | 3 | USA | Table1-r90 |
| Whitefish, raw | 122.2 | 2 | Canada | Table1-r91 |
| Blackberries, raw | 3.7 | 3 | USA | Table1-r93 |
| Blueberries, raw | 2.9 | 3 | USA | Table1-r94 |
| Grapes, red, seedless, raw | 1.9 | 3 | USA | Table1-r95 |
| Pineapple, raw | 1.8 | 3 | USA | Table1-r96 |
| Lamb heart, raw | 171.0 | 1 | USA | Table1-r98 |
| Lamb liver, raw | 147.0 | 1 | USA | Table1-r99 |
| Bison, ground, raw | 99.8 | 4 | USA | Table1-r101 |
| Lamb chops and roast, raw | 127.5 | 1 | Canada | Table1-r102 |
| Lamb, chops, raw | 111.3 | 3 | USA | Table1-r103 |
| Lamb, chops, cooked⧗ | 136.5 | 3 | USA | Table1-r104 |
| Lamb, ground, raw | 88.4 | 4 | USA | Table1-r105 |
| Veal cutlet, cooked | 142.7 | 1 | Canada | Table1-r106 |
| Beans, adzuki, dried, raw | 162.0 | 1 | USA | Table1-r108 |
| Beans, black, cannedᚻ | 24.1 | 6 | USA | Table1-r109 |
| Beans, cranberry, dried, raw | 75.0 | 1 | USA | Table1-r110 |
| Beans, great northern, dried, raw | 213.0 | 1 | USA | Table1-r111 |
| Beans, kidney, dark red, cannedᚻ | 23.4 | 6 | USA | Table1-r112 |
| Beans, navy, cannedᚻ | 21.2 | 6 | USA | Table1-r113 |
| Beans, pinto, cannedᚻ | 25.2 | 6 | USA | Table1-r114 |
| Beans, pinto, dried, raw | 171.0 | 1 | USA | Table1-r115 |
| Beans, small white, dried, raw | 202.0 | 1 | USA | Table1-r116 |
| Blackeye peas, cannedᚻ | 34.8 | 6 | USA | Table1-r117 |
| Blackeye peas, dried, raw | 230.0 | 1 | USA | Table1-r118 |
| Chickpeas (garbanzo beans), cannedᚻ | 21.6 | 6 | USA | Table1-r119 |
| Chickpeas (garbanzo beans), cooked | 11.2 | 3 | USA | Table1-r120 |
| Chickpeas (garbanzo beans), dried, raw | 56.0 | 1 | USA | Table1-r121 |
| Lentils, dried, raw | 222.0 | 1 | USA | Table1-r122 |
| Lima beans, baby, dried, raw | 144.0 | 1 | USA | Table1-r123 |
| Lima beans, large, dried, raw | 149.0 | 1 | USA | Table1-r124 |
| Peas, green, sweet, cannedᚻ | 72.4 | 6 | USA | Table1-r125 |
| Peas, split, dried, raw | 195.0 | 1 | USA | Table1-r126 |
| Almonds, whole, raw | 23.4 | 3 | USA | Table1-r128 |
| Cashews, raw | 44.6 | 3 | USA | Table1-r129 |
| Peanuts, raw | 42.9 | 3 | USA | Table1-r130 |
| Peanut butter, creamy | 39.8 | 3 | USA | Table1-r131 |
| Pistachio nuts, raw | 50.9 | 3 | USA | Table1-r132 |
| Walnuts, English, halves, raw | 15.7 | 3 | USA | Table1-r133 |
| Pork, liver, raw | 289.0 | 1 | USA | Table1-r135 |
| Pork, liver, raw | 192.4 | 1 | USA | Table1-r136 |
| Pork, cured, bacon, unprepared | 140.7 | 6 | USA | Table1-r138 |
| Pork, cured, bacon, cooked⧗ | 428.8 | 6 | USA | Table1-r139 |
| Pork, ground, raw | 183.1 | 5 | USA | Table1-r140 |
| Pork loin, boneless, skinless, raw | 237.2 | 6 | USA | Table1-r141 |
| Pork loin, boneless, skinless, cooked⧗ | 333.5 | 6 | USA | Table1-r142 |
| Pork loin, tenderloin, boneless, raw | 244.0 | 6 | USA | Table1-r143 |
| Pork roast and chops, cooked | 119.8 | 1 | Canada | Table1-r144 |
| Pork sausage, uncured, link/patty, raw | 160.1 | 6 | USA | Table1-r145 |
| Pork sausage, uncured, link/patty, cooked⧗ | 213.2 | 6 | USA | Table1-r146 |
| Chicken gizzard, raw | 130.5 | 12 | USA | Table1-r148 |
| Chicken, gizzards, raw | 121.3 | 3 | USA | Table1-r149 |
| Chicken, gizzards, cooked⧗ | 124.1 | 3 | USA | Table1-r150 |
| Chicken heart, raw | 125.4 | 1 | USA | Table1-r151 |
| Chicken liver, raw | 243.0 | 1 | USA | Table1-r152 |
| Chicken liver, raw | 236.1 | 12 | USA | Table1-r153 |
| Chicken breast, boneless, skinless, raw | 288.5 | 6 | USA | Table1-r155 |
| Chicken breast, boneless, skinless, cooked⧗ | 368.6 | 6 | USA | Table1-r156 |
| Chicken breast, raw | 174.9 | 36 | USA | Table1-r157 |
| Chicken breast, raw | 130.7 | 25 | USA | Table1-r158 |
| Chicken breast, roasted | 178.5 | 12 | USA | Table1-r159 |
| Chicken breast, stewed | 183.5 | 24 | USA | Table1-r160 |
| Chicken drumstick, raw | 132.7 | 25 | USA | Table1-r161 |
| Chicken neck, raw | 122.9 | 10 | USA | Table1-r162 |
| Chicken skin (from drumsticks and thighs), braised | 93.8 | 24 | USA | Table1-r163 |
| Chicken skin, raw | 58.9 | 24 | USA | Table1-r164 |
| Chicken skin, raw | 106.3 | 25 | USA | Table1-r165 |
| Chicken thigh, raw | 141.7 | 65 | USA | Table1-r166 |
| Chicken thigh, roasted | 148.9 | 16 | USA | Table1-r167 |
| Chicken thigh, stewed | 146.3 | 24 | USA | Table1-r168 |
| Chicken, ground, raw | 158.7 | 1 | Canada | Table1-r169 |
| Chicken, ground, raw | 235.6 | 6 | USA | Table1-r170 |
| Poultry, mechanically deboned, from backs and necks with skin, raw | 93.6 | 10 | USA | Table1-r171 |
| Poultry, mechanically deboned, from backs and necks with skin, raw | 72.9 | 2 | Canada | Table1-r172 |
| Poultry, mechanically deboned, from mature hens, raw | 79.8 | 3 | Canada | Table1-r173 |
| Turkey, ground, raw | 96.0 | 1 | Canada | Table1-r174 |
| Turkey, ground, raw | 95.7 | 6 | USA | Table1-r175 |
| Turkey, mechanically deboned, from turkey frames, raw | 79.1 | 1 | Canada | Table1-r176 |
| Frankfurter, beef, unheated | 114.9 | 6 | USA | Table1-r178 |
| Frankfurter, beef, heated⧗ | 115.2 | 6 | USA | Table1-r179 |
| Frankfurter, mixed meat, unheated | 169.5 | 5 | USA | Table1-r180 |
| Frankfurter, mixed meat, heated⧗ | 159.3 | 5 | USA | Table1-r181 |
| Luncheon meat, ham, ready-to-eat | 250.4 | 6 | USA | Table1-r182 |
| Luncheon meat, turkey, ready-to-eat | 235.2 | 6 | USA | Table1-r183 |
| Luncheon meat (unspecified) | 58.3 | 1 | Canada | Table1-r184 |
| Salami, genoa, pork, beef | 246.2 | 3 | USA | Table1-r185 |
| Salami, dry or hard, pork, beef | 215.1 | 3 | USA | Table1-r186 |
| Asparagus, raw | 30.7 | 3 | USA | Table1-r188 |
| Brussels sprouts, raw | 38.8 | 8 | USA | Table1-r189 |
| Cabbage, bok choy, raw | 10.0 | 8 | USA | Table1-r190 |
| Cauliflower, raw | 33.0 | 8 | USA | Table1-r191 |
| Collards, raw | 26.1 | 8 | USA | Table1-r192 |
| Mushrooms (not further specified), raw | 46.9 | 1 | Canada | Table1-r193 |
| Mushrooms, canned | 24.6 | 1 | Canada | Table1-r194 |
| Squash, winter, butternut, raw | 9.2 | 8 | USA | Table1-r195 |
| Beef heart, raw | 184.9 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r7 |
| Beef kidney, raw | 174.3 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r8 |
| Beef large intestine, raw | 88.2 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r9 |
| Beef liver, raw | 219.8 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r10 |
| Beef stomach, raw | 84.0 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r11 |
| Beef tongue, raw | 90.4 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r12 |
| Beef brisket, raw | 79.2 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r14 |
| Beef chuck ribs, raw | 77.4 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r15 |
| Beef clod (shoulder), raw | 103.9 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r16 |
| Beef front, raw (unspecified) | 77.4 | 1 | Czech Republic | Table2-r17 |
| Beef neck, raw | 100.6 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r18 |
| Beef rib loin, raw | 74.3 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r19 |
| Beef round (topside), cooked | 143.4 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r20 |
| Beef round (topside), raw | 123.0 | 2 | Japan | Table2-r21 |
| Beef shin, raw | 106.4 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r22 |
| Beef sirloin, raw | 90.2 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r23 |
| Beef, tenderloin, raw | 98.4 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r24 |
| Amazake (fermented drink made from sake lees) | 6.2 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r26 |
| Fruit juice | 1.1 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r27 |
| Green tea beverage | 1.7 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r28 |
| Green tea leaves, dried | 204.3 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r29 |
| Vegetable juice | 13.7 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r30 |
| Barley, raw | 44.3 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r32 |
| Bread (no further specified) | 4.4 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r33 |
| Bread flour | 25.8 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r34 |
| Buckwheat flour | 75.9 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r35 |
| Cake flour | 15.7 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r36 |
| Gelatin noodle (dried) | 0.6 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r37 |
| Pastry flour | 25.8 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r38 |
| Ramen, noodle | 21.6 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r39 |
| Rice bran | 100.2 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r40 |
| Rice crackers | 14.2 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r41 |
| Rice, white, raw3 | 32.6 | 3 | Japan | Table2-r42 |
| Soba (buckwheat noodles) | 7.6 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r43 |
| Spaghetti | 6.8 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r44 |
| Udon (wheat noodles) | 12.1 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r45 |
| Butter | ND | 1 | Japan | Table2-r47 |
| Cheese, grated | 13.0 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r48 |
| Cream, animal, fresh | 0.2 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r49 |
| Cream, vegetable, fresh | 0.1 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r50 |
| Egg, chicken, raw | 0.0 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r51 |
| Egg, quail, raw | 0.0 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r52 |
| Margarine | ND | 1 | Japan | Table2-r53 |
| Milk | 0.0 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r54 |
| Yogurt (not further specified) | 5.2 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r55 |
| Yogurt, liquid | 1.4 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r56 |
| Anchovy, dried | 1109.0 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r58 |
| Anchovy, fresh | 303.9 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r59 |
| Arabesque greenling, raw | 150.0 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r60 |
| Ayu, raw | 133.1 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r61 |
| Barracuda, raw | 147.9 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r62 |
| Beltfish, raw | 139.3 | 3 | China | Table2-r63 |
| Bonito, dried | 492.9 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r64 |
| Carp, raw | 103.2 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r65 |
| Clams, raw | 145.4 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r66 |
| Clams, raw | 110.2 | 3 | China | Table2-r67 |
| Cod, fresh | 97.9 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r68 |
| Conger eel, fresh | 95.4 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r69 |
| Crab ovary, raw | 152.4 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r70 |
| Crab, red king, raw | 99.5 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r71 |
| Crab, snow, raw | 136.5 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r72 |
| Cutlassfish (hairtail), fresh | 385.5 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r73 |
| Eel, Japanese, raw | 92.1 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r74 |
| Engawa (flesh of fish fins) | 19.0 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r75 |
| Fat greenling, raw | 129.2 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r76 |
| Fish ball, processed | 67.7 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r77 |
| Fish product (hanpen), processed | 12.5 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r78 |
| Fish product (kamaboko), processed | 26.4 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r79 |
| Fish product (narutomaki), processed | 32.4 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r80 |
| Fish product (sasakamaboko), processed | 47.8 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r81 |
| Fish product (Satsuma age), processed | 21.5 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r82 |
| Fish sausage, processed | 22.7 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r83 |
| Fishcake tube, processed | 47.7 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r84 |
| Flounder, yellow striped, raw | 113.0 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r85 |
| Flying fish, raw | 154.2 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r86 |
| Gnomefish, meat, raw | 150.7 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r87 |
| Gnomefish, skin, raw | 382.6 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r88 |
| Halibut, bastard, raw | 133.7 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r89 |
| Herring, raw | 139.2 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r90 |
| Lobster, spiny, raw | 102.2 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r91 |
| Mackerel, fermented (Heshiko) | 207.0 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r92 |
| Mackerel, jack, half-dried | 245.9 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r93 |
| Mackerel, Japanese, skin, raw | 1175.0 | 3 | China | Table2-r94 |
| Mackerel, raw (unspecified) | 204.8 | 2 | Japan | Table2-r95 |
| Mackerel, Spanish, raw | 161.9 | 4 | Japan, China | Table2-r96 |
| Milt, cod | 559.9 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r97 |
| Milt, globefish | 375.4 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r98 |
| Milt, pigfish, striped, raw | 306.1 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r99 |
| Monkfish liver, raw | 104.2 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r100 |
| Monkfish liver, steamed | 398.7 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r101 |
| Monkfish, raw | 70.1 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r102 |
| Octopus organs, raw | 79.9 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r103 |
| Octopus, raw | 137.2 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r104 |
| Okiami (krill), raw | 225.6 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r105 |
| Oysters, raw | 122.0 | 4 | Japan, China | Table2-r106 |
| Pacific saury, half-dried | 209.1 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r107 |
| Pacific saury, raw | 154.9 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r108 |
| Pigfish, striped, raw | 149.1 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r109 |
| Red seabream, raw | 129.1 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r110 |
| Rockfish (Mebaru), raw | 124.1 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r111 |
| Roe, flying fish, in soy sauce | 91.6 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r112 |
| Roe, mixed species, raw | 80.8 | 8 | Japan | Table2-r113 |
| Sablefish meat, raw | 123.4 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r114 |
| Sablefish skin, raw | 66.9 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r115 |
| Sailfin sandfish, raw | 98.4 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r116 |
| Salmon, canned | 132.9 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r117 |
| Salmon, chum, raw | 124.7 | 3 | China | Table2-r118 |
| Salmon, mixed species, raw | 119.4 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r119 |
| Sardine, baby, dried | 746.0 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r120 |
| Sardine, fermented (Heshiko) | 116.3 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r121 |
| Sardine, half-dried | 305.3 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r122 |
| Sardine, raw | 210.7 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r123 |
| Scallops, raw | 76.5 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r124 |
| Sea cucumber, raw | 7.7 | 4 | Japan, China | Table2-r125 |
| Sea urchin, raw | 137.3 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r126 |
| Seabass, Japanese, liver, raw | 217.7 | 3 | China | Table2-r127 |
| Seabass, Japanese, skin, raw | 1399.7 | 3 | China | Table2-r128 |
| Seabass, mixed species, raw | 107.3 | 10 | Japan, China | Table2-r129 |
| Shad, dotted gizzard | 186.8 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r130 |
| Shishamo with roe, half-dried | 149.6 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r131 |
| Shrimp, deep-water | 221.6 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r132 |
| Shrimp, raw (sand shrimp and Pacific shrimp species) | 177.3 | 6 | China | Table2-r133 |
| Shrimp, raw (unspecified) | 166.5 | 4 | Japan | Table2-r134 |
| Shrimp, Sakura, dried | 748.9 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r135 |
| Smelt, raw | 94.9 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r136 |
| Snails, raw | 182.2 | 6 | China | Table2-r137 |
| Squid organs, raw | 59.6 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r138 |
| Squid, raw (unspecified) | 150.8 | 3 | Japan | Table2-r139 |
| Squid, shredded, dried | 94.4 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r140 |
| Swordfish (Xiphias), fresh | 132.2 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r141 |
| Tilefish, raw | 119.5 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r142 |
| Trout, rainbow, raw | 181.0 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r143 |
| Tuna (Bonito), raw | 211.2 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r144 |
| Tuna, canned | 117.0 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r145 |
| Tuna, raw (unspecified) | 157.2 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r146 |
| Turbot liver, raw | 264.3 | 3 | China | Table2-r147 |
| Turbot skin, raw | 142.1 | 3 | China | Table2-r148 |
| Turbot, European, raw | 112.2 | 3 | China | Table2-r149 |
| Weather loach, raw | 136.1 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r150 |
| Whitebait, dried | 471.1 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r151 |
| Whiting (Sillaginidae), raw | 144.1 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r152 |
| Yellowtail (amberjack), raw | 120.8 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r153 |
| Yellowtail, young, fresh | 152.5 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r154 |
| Avocado, raw | 18.4 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r156 |
| Bananas, raw | 3.0 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r157 |
| Goji berry | 5.5 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r158 |
| Strawberries, raw | 2.2 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r159 |
| Mutton, raw | 94.9 | 2 | Japan | Table2-r161 |
| Whale, raw | 99.5 | 2 | Japan | Table2-r162 |
| Bean curd lees (Okara) | 48.5 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r164 |
| Beans, adzuki, dried, raw | 77.6 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r165 |
| Broad beans, dried, raw | 35.5 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r166 |
| Chickpeas (garbanzo beans), no further specified | 26.1 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r167 |
| Miso | 56.1 | 2 | Japan | Table2-r168 |
| Peanuts, raw | 49.1 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r169 |
| Peas, green | 21.9 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r170 |
| Peas, red, dried | 25.4 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r171 |
| Soy milk | 21.9 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r172 |
| Soy protein concentrate, produced by acid wash | 192.4 | 1 | Czech Republic | Table2-r173 |
| Soy sauce made from soy and wheat (shoyu) | 50.2 | 2 | Japan | Table2-r174 |
| Soybean, black, dried | 67.2 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r175 |
| Soybean, fermented (Natto) | 113.9 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r176 |
| Soybeans, dried, raw | 172.5 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r177 |
| Tofu (Kinu) | 20.0 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r178 |
| Tofu, boiled 3 minutes | 21.9 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r179 |
| Tofu, boiled 5 minutes | 35.8 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r180 |
| Tofu, deep-fried | 54.4 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r181 |
| Tofu, dried-frozen (koyadofu) | 292.3 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r182 |
| Tofu, raw (nigari) | 31.1 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r183 |
| Almonds | 31.4 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r185 |
| Chia seeds | 58.6 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r186 |
| Walnuts | 19.6 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r187 |
| Pate, liver | 80.0 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r189 |
| Pork heart, raw | 119.2 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r190 |
| Pork kidney, raw | 195.0 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r191 |
| Pork liver, raw | 285.0 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r192 |
| Pork tongue, raw | 104.0 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r193 |
| Pork neck, raw | 70.6 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r195 |
| Pork ribs, raw | 75.8 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r196 |
| Pork rump, raw | 113.0 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r197 |
| Pork shoulder, raw | 93.7 | 4 | Japan | Table2-r198 |
| Pork sirloin, raw | 90.9 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r199 |
| Pork tenderloin, raw | 119.8 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r200 |
| Chicken gizzard, raw | 142.9 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r202 |
| Chicken heart, raw | 224.0 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r203 |
| Chicken liver, raw | 302.6 | 2 | Japan, Czech Republic | Table2-r204 |
| Foie gras | 81.9 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r205 |
| Chicken breast, raw | 141.3 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r207 |
| Chicken leg, raw | 118.2 | 2 | Japan, Czech Republic | Table2-r208 |
| Chicken skin, raw | 119.6 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r209 |
| Chicken wing, raw | 137.5 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r210 |
| Chicken, light meat, raw | 111.3 | 2 | Japan | Table2-r211 |
| Corned beef | 46.9 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r213 |
| Frankfurter | 49.9 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r214 |
| Ham, pressed and boneless types | 69.4 | 2 | Japan | Table2-r215 |
| Pork, bacon, unprepared | 61.8 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r216 |
| Prosciutto (Parma ham) | 138.3 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r217 |
| Salami | 120.4 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r218 |
| Sausage, Vienna type | 45.5 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r219 |
| Cayenne pepper powder | 19.9 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r221 |
| Curry roux | 16.0 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r222 |
| Ketchup | 10.6 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r223 |
| Mayonnaise | 0.6 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r224 |
| Mirin (cooking wine) | 1.2 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r225 |
| Mustard | 25.3 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r226 |
| Rice malt, salted | 13.9 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r227 |
| Sake lees | 89.1 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r228 |
| Sauce, barbecue | 14.9 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r229 |
| Sauce, chili bean, Chinese | 8.8 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r230 |
| Sauce, fish | 93.1 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r231 |
| Sauce, oyster | 134.4 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r232 |
| Soup, Chinese soup type, powdered | 185.9 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r233 |
| Soup, clam chowder type, powdered | 47.1 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r234 |
| Soup, consommé type, powdered | 179.8 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r235 |
| Soup, matsutake type, powdered | 233.9 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r236 |
| Soup, potage type, powdered | 37.6 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r237 |
| Soup, ramen noodle, dry | 32.6 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r238 |
| Soup, stock, Chinese, dried | 508.9 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r239 |
| Umami broth, powdered | 684.8 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r240 |
| Wasabi | 0.7 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r241 |
| Yeast, dried | 847.1 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r242 |
| Chocolate | 8.1 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r244 |
| Honey | 0.8 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r245 |
| Asparagus, raw6 | 32.9 | 2 | Japan | Table2-r247 |
| Balsam pear (goya), raw | 9.9 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r248 |
| Bamboo shoots, raw6 | 47.2 | 2 | Japan | Table2-r249 |
| Bean sprouts, with bean, raw | 57.4 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r250 |
| Bean sprouts, without bean, raw | 35.0 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r251 |
| Brassicaceae (blossom) | 26.9 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r252 |
| Broccoli sprouts, raw | 129.6 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r253 |
| Broccoli, boiled | 51.8 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r254 |
| Broccoli, raw | 70.0 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r255 |
| Burdock | 5.1 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r256 |
| Cabbage, chinese (pak-choi), raw | 7.0 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r257 |
| Cabbage, Chinese (qing-geng-cai) | 12.4 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r258 |
| Cabbage, raw | 3.2 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r259 |
| Carrots, raw | 2.1 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r260 |
| Cauliflower, raw | 57.2 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r261 |
| Coriander | 39.4 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r262 |
| Corn, raw | 11.8 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r263 |
| Cucumber, raw | 9.4 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r264 |
| Eggplant, raw | 50.8 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r265 |
| Garland chrysanthemum | 47.1 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r266 |
| Garlic chives (nira), raw | 19.4 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r267 |
| Garlic, raw | 17.0 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r268 |
| Ginger root, raw | 2.3 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r269 |
| Ginger, Japanese (myoga), raw | 7.7 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r270 |
| Green beans | 7.5 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r271 |
| Honewort | 11.5 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r272 |
| Konnyaku | 0.4 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r273 |
| Leek, Japanese (negi), raw | 41.4 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r274 |
| Lettuce | 4.7 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r275 |
| Lotus root | 0.3 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r276 |
| Mizuna (potherb mustard) | 20.3 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r277 |
| Mushroom, bunapii, raw | 30.7 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r278 |
| Mushroom, hatakeshimeji, raw | 16.0 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r279 |
| Mushroom, Jew's ear, dried | 155.7 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r280 |
| Mushroom, tsukuritake, raw | 49.6 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r281 |
| Mushroom, usu-hiratake, raw | 37.9 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r282 |
| Mushroom, white aragekikurage, raw | 6.9 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r283 |
| Mushroom, white hiratake, raw | 66.7 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r284 |
| Mushroom, yamabushitake, raw | 33.5 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r285 |
| Mushroom, yanagimatsutake, raw | 26.2 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r286 |
| Mushrooms, bunashimeji, raw | 20.8 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r287 |
| Mushrooms, enoki, raw | 49.3 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r288 |
| Mushrooms, eringi, raw | 13.4 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r289 |
| Mushrooms, hiratake, raw | 142.3 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r290 |
| Mushrooms, maitake, raw | 98.6 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r291 |
| Mushrooms, nameko, raw | 19.1 | 2 | Japan | Table2-r292 |
| Mushrooms, shiitake, dried | 311.6 | 2 | Japan | Table2-r293 |
| Mushrooms, shiitake, raw | 23.1 | 4 | Japan | Table2-r294 |
| Mustard spinach, (komatsuna), mature, raw | 10.5 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r295 |
| Mustard spinach, (komatsuna), young, raw | 39.1 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r296 |
| Okra, raw | 39.5 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r297 |
| Onions, raw | 2.2 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r298 |
| Paprika, red | 1.1 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r299 |
| Parsley, fresh | 289.3 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r300 |
| Parsley, Japanese | 18.8 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r301 |
| Peas, green, canned | 18.9 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r302 |
| Peas, podded | 10.4 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r303 |
| Pepper, green | 2.3 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r304 |
| Pepper, green, pickled | 3.1 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r305 |
| Pepper, red (capsicum) | 5.1 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r306 |
| Pepper, red green | 0.9 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r307 |
| Pepper, sweet, green, raw | 69.1 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r308 |
| Perilla leaves, shiso, raw | 41.5 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r309 |
| Potato, raw | 6.5 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r310 |
| Pumpkin, raw | 56.7 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r311 |
| Radish leaf, Japanese | 33.6 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r312 |
| Radish root, Japanese | 1.7 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r313 |
| Radish sprouts, white, raw | 73.2 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r314 |
| Seaweed, hijiki, dried | 132.7 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r315 |
| Seaweed, kombu, dried | 46.4 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r316 |
| Seaweed, mozuku, dried | 15.5 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r317 |
| Seaweed, nori, dried | 591.5 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r318 |
| Seaweed, wakame, raw | 262.3 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r319 |
| Sesame | 36.3 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r320 |
| Soybeans, green, raw | 48.0 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r321 |
| Spinach, boiled | 39.2 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r322 |
| Spinach, mature, raw | 51.3 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r323 |
| Spinach, young, raw | 171.8 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r324 |
| Squash, zucchini, raw | 13.1 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r325 |
| Sweet potato, raw | 17.0 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r326 |
| Taro | 1.8 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r327 |
| Tomatoes, cherry type, raw | 3.1 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r328 |
| Tomatoes, no further specified | 6.6 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r329 |
| Turnip | 3.9 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r330 |
| Yam, Japanese | 4.0 | 1 | Japan | Table2-r331 |
| ‘Bacon', meatless | 74.4 | 2 | Great Britain | Table2-r333 |
| ‘Chicken', meatless | 77.0 | 2 | Great Britain | Table2-r334 |
| ‘Frankfurter', meatless | 32.0 | 2 | Great Britain | Table2-r335 |
| ‘Sausage', meatless | 45.9 | 9 | Czech Republic, Great Britain | Table2-r336 |
| ‘Vegetarian 'gizzard' from soy | 0.2 | 1 | Vietnam | Table2-r337 |
| Egg white schnitzel (vegetarian ‘steak’) | 39.5 | 1 | Czech Republic | Table2-r338 |
| Ham style vegetarian slices, from mycoprotein | 117.4 | 1 | Great Britain | Table2-r339 |
| Instant-vegetarian dried 'deer' from soy | 115.8 | 1 | Vietnam | Table2-r340 |
| Instant-vegetarian dried 'fish' from soy | 88.6 | 1 | Vietnam | Table2-r341 |
| Luncheon slices, meatless | 97.8 | 2 | Great Britain | Table2-r342 |
| Tofu burger | 102.6 | 1 | Czech Republic | Table2-r343 |
| Vegetarian 'Ba Sa fish' from soy | 82.5 | 1 | Vietnam | Table2-r344 |
| Vegetarian 'meatloaf' or patties | 42.1 | 2 | Czech Republic, Great Britain | Table2-r345 |
| Vegetarian 'quail's eggs' | 0.0 | 1 | Vietnam | Table2-r346 |
| Vegetarian 'steak' from wheat (Robi' schnitzels) | 21.0 | 1 | Czech Republic | Table2-r347 |
| Vegetarian tender 'shrimp' | 0.1 | 1 | Vietnam | Table2-r348 |
| Veggie burgers or soyburgers, unprepared | 65.5 | 7 | Czech Republic, Great Britain | Table2-r349 |
| Vegi 'steak' from soy | 62.1 | 1 | Czech Republic | Table2-r350 |
| Vegideli fish style fingers | 67.3 | 1 | Great Britain | Table2-r351 |
Alcoholic beverages use a different denominator
Alcohol entries are mg/100 mL, not mg/100 g. These composition values do not account for alcohol's other effects on gout. Low measured purines do not make a drink safe or protective. S02 S27
Separate beverage CSV · Beverage JSON
| Source beverage description | Total purines (mg/100 mL) | n | Source table and row |
|---|---|---|---|
| Beer for export (higher wort content than typical Austrian Lager) | 10.7 | 1 | Table3-r6 |
| Beer, ‘regular’ type, various brands | 8.5 | 38 | Table3-r7 |
| Beer, dark | 13.5 | 1 | Table3-r8 |
| Beer, from wheat | 8.1 | 1 | Table3-r9 |
| Beer, low alcohol | 4.6 | 12 | Table3-r10 |
| Beer, Pils | 9.8 | 1 | Table3-r11 |
| Brandy | 0.4 | 1 | Table3-r12 |
| Malt beverage, including non-alcoholic beer | 2.9 | 15 | Table3-r13 |
| Radler (beer and lemonade mixture) | 3.6 | 1 | Table3-r14 |
| Sake | 1.4 | 3 | Table3-r15 |
| Shochu (Japanese spirit liquor) | 0.0 | 2 | Table3-r16 |
| Shoko-shu (Chinese liquor) | 9.7 | 2 | Table3-r17 |
| Ume liqueur | 0.2 | 1 | Table3-r18 |
| Whiskey | 0.2 | 2 | Table3-r19 |
| Wine | 1.2 | 3 | Table3-r20 |
Related pages
- Understanding dietary purines
- Food and drink with gout
- Alcohol and gout
- Uric acid, urate and purines
Sources
- S02: 2020 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Management of Gout
- S15: NICE Evidence Review I: Diet and lifestyle modifications for gout
- S26: USDA ARS: Purine content of foods dataset landing page
- S27: USDA/ODS-NIH purine database documentation Release 3.0
- S28: USDA/ODS-NIH purine database and data sources Release 3.0
- S30: InformedHealth/IQWiG: What can I do on my own to prevent gout attacks?